From empirical observation. For example if you note that that in a nation like ours where the masses are, by and large, well educated, have many and varied skills, are career oriented and self oriented that people seem to be the most productive when they have the least supervision and that leaders tend to be very transitory and easily replaced. For example in our nation when elite political leaders leave office and power after a relatively short period they are easily replaced by men and women just as capable and that the transition has little if any dislocation.
and George W. Bush would be empirical evidence that one could not but that's not what I am talking about here.
sure it is......you claim you've based your research on empirical observation.......what you've empirically observed for the last sixteen years has been the Obama administration and the Bush administration.....certainly you didn't decide this country produced great leaders based on those observations........face it, you looked at incompetence and came to faulty conclusions......