Basically, Zhang Qian is on a par with Columbus, having been responsible for connecting Eurasia into a vast, globalized trading and cultural network, from the western Mediterranean and Roman Empire, to the Han Chinese and the Far East.
Silk Roads—The Envoy Zhang Qian
Zhang Qian, this courageous Chinese explorer, diplomant, and envoy who left China at the head of an expedition of only 100 men, led the way to developing the Silk Roads and, through remarkable perseverance, changed the course of world history.
Zhang Qian was sent by the first Han emperor, Wudi, to follow the migrating Yuezhi in the hope of convincing them to return to China and join the Han in an alliance against their common enemy, the Xiongnu. Almost immediately, Zhang Qian and his party were captured by Xiongnu forces. Most of the men were killed, and Zhang Qian and his closest retinue were transported far to the north of the Gobi Desert, to the headquarters of the shanyu. The shanyu detained Zhang Qian for more than 10 years, giving him a wife with whom the explorer had children. But Zhang Qian eventually found an opportunity to escape with his handful of followers
In the course of the ten year expedition (138 BCE to 129 BCE), Zhang Qian breached both the formidable geographical barriers of western China and the military barrier established by the Xiongnu. He crossed thousands of miles of deserts, steppes, and mountain ranges, visiting places no Chinese individual had ever seen or heard of before.
When Zhang Qian finally returned to the Han court and presented his report to Emperor Wudi, the Chinese became aware for the first time in their history of the world beyond their western borders. As a result of this expedition, the Silk Roads began to flourish, enticing China out of millennia of cultural and geographic isolation and into active engagement with the rest of Eurasia, including the GrecoRoman world. Zhang Qian’s report to the emperor was largely responsible for enticing China out of millennia of relative isolation and into active engagement with the rest of Central Asia, including, ultimately, the Romans.
Source credit Professor Craig G. Benjamin Ph.D., Grand Valley State University