The NK-33 rocket engine which was developed for the Soviet space programme was decades ahead of its time. So much so that it is now being used in a new generation of US and Russian rockets. It was so revolutionary that many in the West refused to believe that it even existed, never mind actually worked.
NK-33 and NK-43 are derived from the earlier NK-15 and NK-15V engines, respectively.
The engines are high pressure, regeneratively cooled staged combustion cycle bi-propellant rocket engines, and use oxygen-rich pre-burners to drive the turbopumps. These kinds of burners are highly unusual, since their hot, oxygen-rich exhaust tends to attack metal, causing burn-through failures. Oxygen-rich engines were never successfully built in the US. The Soviets however perfected the metallurgy behind this method. The nozzle was constructed from corrugated metal, brazed to an outer and inner lining, giving a simple, light but strong structure. In addition, since the NK-33 uses LOX and kerosene which have similar densities, a single rotating shaft could be used for both turbopumps; the resultant engines are extraordinarily lightweight, with the highest vacuum thrust-to-weight ratio of any comparable engine- 136.66:1.[3] Given its longer, heavier nozzle, the NK-43 ratio in vacuo is slightly heavier with a thrust-to-weight ratio of about 120:1.[4]