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New member
During the 1960’s through the 1970’s, Russia was in a time of great reform partially under
Nikita Khrushchev and mostly through the rule of Leonid Brezhnev. These two great leaders
would be the real reason why Russia would flourish during these times. Although they are
most responsible for Russia’s flourishing alone there are other contributing factors as
well, and they will be presented to you on this research paper, by the thoughts and facts
of leading historians and other contributors during this era. One of these most important
subjects in this paper is the education system during this time. The developing education
system was still neutral and with mixed results, though, working age people with a
secondary education began to rise at a steady pace. Those with good health and good sense
would receive top of the line education and would be more likely to receive recognition
into a college and become a leading contributor to their country. They became part of
socially acceptable elite, on a higher level than most people. It is these students, who
would delve into the scientist that built the amazing rockets that launched into space.
They had already beaten the U.S to space, but now the main focus was setting their sights
on the moon. Much effort and thought was put into this important race to further the
reigns of Russia’s already great history, but all didn’t go well and the Americans reach
the Moon first. Despite their attempts they failed, and the ideal came to an end. Though I
believe the end result would not come of any matter to Russia in the first place, because
not much care for the subject remained after the U.S launch. Contrary to this, Russia also
lacked the resources needed to continue the space race, therefore the operation couldn’t
be done and “ultimately” was canceled. The failed attempt would soon be due to a failure
to contemplate for the lacking computer technology. The true reason why Russia lost the
race to the moon is still disputed among the
Historians, however the view presented a few lines back is supported in this passage:
In general, despite leads in such fields as metallurgy and thermonuclear fusion, Soviet
science lagged behind that of the West, hampered in part by the slow development of
computer technology. (Culture and the Arts in the 1960s and 1970s)
What will be discussed further on is no longer about Russia’s sciences during this time,
but is about the advancements in the arts, which was very successful. Unlike years before,
The Russian government became more lenient on what could be created, resulting in a new
variety of creative works, all with their own unique styles. Many works were being
created, mostly about socialism and some even began to incorporate Western styles into
their work. Various novels were being released and many were adored all over the country.
Jazz ensembles were being established and rock began to make appearances among Russian
culture, which had remained largely untouched by western influences until now. More rises
in the arts included, Theatre, the revival of the stage was very successful, as numerous
works began to pour out from the minds of talented young revolutionaries. Revolutionaries
such as, Victor Rostov and Alexi Arbozov became very well known and appreciated. Poetry
saw increased interest as well. Young new talents such as Bella Akhmadulina and Novella
Matenivana were very well known. The most significant literary events of the 1960s was the
publication of Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn’s One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.
They were still limited to what they could create in the early 1960’s however this will
change in the 1970’s and this fact is expressed in the following passage: Nonetheless,
greater experimentation in art forms became permissible in the 1970s, with the result that
more sophisticated and subtly critical work began to be produced. (Literature and the
Arts, ch. 4). The constant rise of artist in Russia remained fluent and the appeal that
artist could easily express their stories without oppression became more and more
constant. The regime loosened the
The regime loosened the strictness of socialist realism; which led to most freedoms on
what to write whatever you want.
Another part of Russia that changed was the religious structure which remained largely
suppressed after the reign of Vladimir Lenin, who had the churches, for the most part,
ended. That is until Joseph Stalin allowed them to be used during WWII because of
decreased morale. a resurgence in popular devotion to the major faiths became apparent in
the late 1970s despite continued de facto disapproval on the part of the authorities.
Nevertheless, the Religion here would not increase by much, but it would see use by those
who needed it. The architectural structures of these churches were very interesting as
they are expressed in the following passage:
Russian Orthodox Church buildings differ in design from many western-type churches.
Firstly, their interiors are enriched with many sacramental objects including holy icons,
which are hung on the walls. In addition, murals often cover most of the interior. Some of
these images represent the Theotokos (who is particularly revered in the Russian Orthodox
Church), saints, and scenes from their lives.( Sacred Stories: Religion and Spirituality
in Modern Russia)
However the existence of these churches didn’t run well with Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid
Brezhnev, and they would continue to prosecute it. They withheld any member of the church
from having the privilege of being any part of the Communist Party and they were not
liked. However, among the general population, large numbers remained religious. The
general population would continue to express their freedoms of religions with little
oppression from the government and henceforth would become a very large part of Russian
society until around the 1980’s when a sudden drop of belief in the church would occur.
This in part would be due to this descried amount in child bearers not getting their
children christened and not having them attend the church or express their beliefs by
prayer and by praying to God and showing a large amount of respect for the Russian
Orthodox Church during that time period of Russia’s new reform.
the development of Russian nuclear missiles. And Rocket scientist were at the forefront of
this Militaristic Era. Another important subject I want to inform you about on this
research paper is the certain foreign alliances Russian had during the rule of Russia
1960-70’s. In the 1960’s the Russia had developed a thing called a Warsaw pact. The pact
shows a list of Russia and all her allies and here they are: People’s Republic of Albania
(withdrew its support in 1961 as a result of the Sino-Soviet spilt) People’s republic of
Bulgaria, Czechoslovak Socialist republic People’s Republic of Hungary , People’s
Republic of Poland, Socialist Republic of Romania, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and
later German Democratic Republic. Participants in the Warsaw Pact pledged to defend each
other if one or more of the members were attacked. It was very similar to the NATO
agreement in most respects. The Warsaw Pact’s main goal was to insure peace and freedom to
anyone who was a member of the pact. Supporting evidence for this view is expressed in the
following article:
The contracting parties shall take council among themselves on all important international
questions relating to their common interests, guided by the interests of strengthening
international peace and security. Soviet News, No. 3165 (May 16, 1955), pp. 1-2.
As you can see from the article, The Warsaw Pact’s sole purpose was insuring peace
and security to their sovereign states. This pact will last for a very long time everyone
who participated in it was very glad it existed. The Warsaw Pact was officially dissolved
at a meeting in Prague on 1 July 1991.Valclav Havel (the former President of
Czechoslovakia) counts the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact as his greatest accomplishment,
according to his recent memoir To The Castle and Back. And it is the President in Prague
who gives the end to the Warsaw Pact and all of its Articles and its former existing
participants. Soon after the dissolution of this pact, all the similar pacts will
eventually follow suit is dissolve as this pact did years ago
Nikita Khrushchev and mostly through the rule of Leonid Brezhnev. These two great leaders
would be the real reason why Russia would flourish during these times. Although they are
most responsible for Russia’s flourishing alone there are other contributing factors as
well, and they will be presented to you on this research paper, by the thoughts and facts
of leading historians and other contributors during this era. One of these most important
subjects in this paper is the education system during this time. The developing education
system was still neutral and with mixed results, though, working age people with a
secondary education began to rise at a steady pace. Those with good health and good sense
would receive top of the line education and would be more likely to receive recognition
into a college and become a leading contributor to their country. They became part of
socially acceptable elite, on a higher level than most people. It is these students, who
would delve into the scientist that built the amazing rockets that launched into space.
They had already beaten the U.S to space, but now the main focus was setting their sights
on the moon. Much effort and thought was put into this important race to further the
reigns of Russia’s already great history, but all didn’t go well and the Americans reach
the Moon first. Despite their attempts they failed, and the ideal came to an end. Though I
believe the end result would not come of any matter to Russia in the first place, because
not much care for the subject remained after the U.S launch. Contrary to this, Russia also
lacked the resources needed to continue the space race, therefore the operation couldn’t
be done and “ultimately” was canceled. The failed attempt would soon be due to a failure
to contemplate for the lacking computer technology. The true reason why Russia lost the
race to the moon is still disputed among the
Historians, however the view presented a few lines back is supported in this passage:
In general, despite leads in such fields as metallurgy and thermonuclear fusion, Soviet
science lagged behind that of the West, hampered in part by the slow development of
computer technology. (Culture and the Arts in the 1960s and 1970s)
What will be discussed further on is no longer about Russia’s sciences during this time,
but is about the advancements in the arts, which was very successful. Unlike years before,
The Russian government became more lenient on what could be created, resulting in a new
variety of creative works, all with their own unique styles. Many works were being
created, mostly about socialism and some even began to incorporate Western styles into
their work. Various novels were being released and many were adored all over the country.
Jazz ensembles were being established and rock began to make appearances among Russian
culture, which had remained largely untouched by western influences until now. More rises
in the arts included, Theatre, the revival of the stage was very successful, as numerous
works began to pour out from the minds of talented young revolutionaries. Revolutionaries
such as, Victor Rostov and Alexi Arbozov became very well known and appreciated. Poetry
saw increased interest as well. Young new talents such as Bella Akhmadulina and Novella
Matenivana were very well known. The most significant literary events of the 1960s was the
publication of Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn’s One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.
They were still limited to what they could create in the early 1960’s however this will
change in the 1970’s and this fact is expressed in the following passage: Nonetheless,
greater experimentation in art forms became permissible in the 1970s, with the result that
more sophisticated and subtly critical work began to be produced. (Literature and the
Arts, ch. 4). The constant rise of artist in Russia remained fluent and the appeal that
artist could easily express their stories without oppression became more and more
constant. The regime loosened the
The regime loosened the strictness of socialist realism; which led to most freedoms on
what to write whatever you want.
Another part of Russia that changed was the religious structure which remained largely
suppressed after the reign of Vladimir Lenin, who had the churches, for the most part,
ended. That is until Joseph Stalin allowed them to be used during WWII because of
decreased morale. a resurgence in popular devotion to the major faiths became apparent in
the late 1970s despite continued de facto disapproval on the part of the authorities.
Nevertheless, the Religion here would not increase by much, but it would see use by those
who needed it. The architectural structures of these churches were very interesting as
they are expressed in the following passage:
Russian Orthodox Church buildings differ in design from many western-type churches.
Firstly, their interiors are enriched with many sacramental objects including holy icons,
which are hung on the walls. In addition, murals often cover most of the interior. Some of
these images represent the Theotokos (who is particularly revered in the Russian Orthodox
Church), saints, and scenes from their lives.( Sacred Stories: Religion and Spirituality
in Modern Russia)
However the existence of these churches didn’t run well with Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid
Brezhnev, and they would continue to prosecute it. They withheld any member of the church
from having the privilege of being any part of the Communist Party and they were not
liked. However, among the general population, large numbers remained religious. The
general population would continue to express their freedoms of religions with little
oppression from the government and henceforth would become a very large part of Russian
society until around the 1980’s when a sudden drop of belief in the church would occur.
This in part would be due to this descried amount in child bearers not getting their
children christened and not having them attend the church or express their beliefs by
prayer and by praying to God and showing a large amount of respect for the Russian
Orthodox Church during that time period of Russia’s new reform.
the development of Russian nuclear missiles. And Rocket scientist were at the forefront of
this Militaristic Era. Another important subject I want to inform you about on this
research paper is the certain foreign alliances Russian had during the rule of Russia
1960-70’s. In the 1960’s the Russia had developed a thing called a Warsaw pact. The pact
shows a list of Russia and all her allies and here they are: People’s Republic of Albania
(withdrew its support in 1961 as a result of the Sino-Soviet spilt) People’s republic of
Bulgaria, Czechoslovak Socialist republic People’s Republic of Hungary , People’s
Republic of Poland, Socialist Republic of Romania, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and
later German Democratic Republic. Participants in the Warsaw Pact pledged to defend each
other if one or more of the members were attacked. It was very similar to the NATO
agreement in most respects. The Warsaw Pact’s main goal was to insure peace and freedom to
anyone who was a member of the pact. Supporting evidence for this view is expressed in the
following article:
The contracting parties shall take council among themselves on all important international
questions relating to their common interests, guided by the interests of strengthening
international peace and security. Soviet News, No. 3165 (May 16, 1955), pp. 1-2.
As you can see from the article, The Warsaw Pact’s sole purpose was insuring peace
and security to their sovereign states. This pact will last for a very long time everyone
who participated in it was very glad it existed. The Warsaw Pact was officially dissolved
at a meeting in Prague on 1 July 1991.Valclav Havel (the former President of
Czechoslovakia) counts the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact as his greatest accomplishment,
according to his recent memoir To The Castle and Back. And it is the President in Prague
who gives the end to the Warsaw Pact and all of its Articles and its former existing
participants. Soon after the dissolution of this pact, all the similar pacts will
eventually follow suit is dissolve as this pact did years ago
