right now it's not doable. I dont think battery improvements are gona make pure renewables ever able to solely run an economy.
Batteries are not a source of power. They are a storage mechanism. They are also known as ballast. They store energy generated from something else. Batteries also require some kind of electrolyte (usually something nasty and corrosive) and two dissimilar metals to function. Eventually, batteries fail and must be discarded.
Among the best batteries for recycling is the good old lead acid battery. You dump out the sulfuric acid solution, break apart the case, toss the lead plates into the furnace (the lead sulfate salts are impurities that rise to the top and are skimmed away and discarded), crunch up the battery box into plastic pellets, then make a new case from the pellets, install the new lead plates and lead oxide coating, fill with a fresh solution of sulfuric acid, and charge. A new battery, ready for another five to seven years of service.
Lithium cells are too expensive to recycle. It's easier just to throw them away into a landfill.
Windmills are resource hogs to produce and cause their own problems.
Making a windmill requires the use of oil products. Plastics are everywhere, including the blades oftentimes. They do not produce power in high winds or no wind conditions. High winds require shutting down the windmill by feathering the blades to protect the machine. No wind means no power. These are typically mounted in open country, where there are lots of mice, and lots of hawks hunting them. The hawks feel the air coming off of one of these things and use it to soar while hunting. Occasionally, one gets too close to the rotating blade. The windmill looks slow, but the blade tip is moving at quite a lick. One strike kills the hawk.
Solar farms are nightmare for the environment and habitation
Not particularly. Rodents like to live under the panels and occasionally fry themselves by chewing on the wiring, but hey...it's just a mouse or rat. The panels themselves are made like any chip, just a very large one. It's basically a diode exposed to the Sun.
Solar panels are expensive, and require protection from the elements, including wind, rain, snow, debris, and of course the critters. Wind sandblasts the elements, reducing their effectiveness. Rain causes mold on the panels, reducing their effectiveness. Snow can physically damage the elements just by sheer weight and by what are called ice dams if the elements are mounted on a roof. Debris from wind, leaves, fir needles, bird droppings, all need to be removed since they reduce the effectiveness of the panels.
The panels are even damaged by exposure to sunlight. Eventually, they break down, and the panel needs to be replaced.
Solar power does not work at night. It's effectiveness is less during cloudy days, so desert areas are favored for them, but this leave them exposed to sandblasting of the panels by desert winds.
Both sources of energy are intermittent. They require ballasting to be practical at all. This can be done by batteries, by pumping water into a reservoir and using the fall of gravity to generate hydroelectric power, or some other scheme. Any form of ballasting adds to the cost of the system, a lot of cost.
Both forms of energy are piddle power. By comparison, a single oil burning power plant can produce more power than an entire State filled with wind generators and solar farms.
Wind generators actually find their best use in remote areas for pumping water for irrigation. This need is also intermittent, and this use is a practical one. Typically these are smaller units, dotting a field on a farm or ranch.
Get the improvements to make them capable of running an economy, and market forces will bring them in.
Any form of power generation can run an economy. The difference is the size of the economy it can run. You essentially have it right. Energy markets are just that...a market. People themselves decide what energy source is best for their needs for a particular situation. Like any market, price is determined by supply and demand. What you are buying is watts. The cheapest way to produce the same watts is what people will buy. Mobile power plants, such as found in cars and trucks, railroads, ships, and aircraft, have their own special needs. Typically the best solution for these is a hydrocarbon based fuel, either diesel oil, kerosene, or gasoline. Some lighter trucks and cars can be made to run on natural gas.
The Church of Green has an unnatural fear of hydrocarbons. They really are a great source of fuel, are renewable fuels, and produce only water and carbon dioxide gas when burned properly. Both are benign materials. Both are required for life on Earth. None of them have the capability to warm the Earth. The Church of Global Warming denies science when they deny this, of course. They deny the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics and the Stefan-Boltzmann law.
But this idea of all electric cars requires charging stations that will be vandalized.
Any unattended fueling station can be vandalized. That's why there's usually an attendant on duty.
Electric cars themselves are expensive. They do have certain advantages over gasoline or diesel powered cars. They also have some pretty important disadvantages.
These cars typically have individual traction motors for each wheel. It's basically an all wheel drive car that is computer controlled for which wheel gets power, and this makes the electric car an excellent snow and ice vehicle. Their clearance is typically low, however, making them unsuitable for off road use. The battery is essentially part of the frame of the vehicle, giving them a low center of gravity. This improves handling.
The big disadvantage with electric cars, besides their cost, is the length of time it takes to refuel them. Charging stations can only put out so much current so fast, and to fully charge the vehicle takes hours. Gasoline cars, on the other hand, can refuel in a few minutes. This makes the gasoline and diesel vehicles much more practical for cross country work. Electric cars are great for commuting, but they are lousy for cross country driving. They have the same range as a typical gasoline car on a single full charge, but the time it takes to recharge them requires far more overnight stops on the same trip.
The long recharging time also presents another problem. As opposed to a gasoline car taking only a few minutes refueling, then clearing the bay for the next car, an electric car requires that refueling bay for hours at a time. It's not available for the next electric car in any practical time interval.
The other problem with the electric car is that is just transfers the actual power generation to a static power station, typically burning natural gas, coal, or oil to produce it's power. I call electric cars a coal fired car for this reason.
All that said, when these problems are solved there is no reason they can't eventually take over the energy market. They are not ready now or teh foreseeable future
The market decides. You are absolutely correct on that. Believers in the Church of Green and the Church of Global Warming want to dictate markets using government authority. This is called 'fascism'.