Many countries in Northern Europe, including Germany, have had some good luck with an extremely high capital gains tax. It incentives not taking profits, and instead reinvesting in the business. Germany had people who would be considered billionaires today who were making upper middle class income, and so paying much lower taxes than you would expect a billionaire to pay. It did make the economies of Northern Europe less dynamic, which was harmful.
The problem with a wealth tax is it can tax people who have not taken any income from their company. Imagine an entrepreneur who invests everything he has into his startup, both work and money. The company looks good, but has not made a profit yet, so he is taking nothing from it. Someone invests $1 billion into the company for 10% of the, valuing the company at $10 billion. That billion went to building capacity for the company, so the entrepreneur got nothing at this time. The entrepreneur is still on the hook for taxes with no way to pay them.
It works better in small tax haven economies like Liechtenstein. There they are dealing with people who have liquid assets, and are happy to pay lower taxes to store them.