”Science has made enormous progress toward understanding climate change. As a result, there is a strong, credible body of evidence, based on multiple lines of research, documenting that Earth is warming. Strong evidence also indicates that recent warming is largely caused by human activities, especially the release of greenhouse gases through the burning of fossil fuels…. While much remains to be learned, the core phenomenon, scientific questions, and hypotheses have been examined thoroughly and have stood firm in the face of serious scientific debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations.”
US National Research Council, 2010
Max Planck Institute – FAQ webpage:
El Nino: The changes in temperature of the sea surface in the tropical Pacific in their anthropogenic greenhouse simulation are very similar to those actually observed during real El Niño events: the east Pacific warms by approximately 3ºC by the year 2100 (Figure 8), much more strongly than the west Pacific, whose temperature only increases by 1ºC. This suggests that El Niño-like events will occur much more frequently in the future if the global output of greenhouse gases such as CO2 is not drastically reduced.….
What will the climate in Europe look like in the middle of the 21st century? This question is closely related to global warming resulting from human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels or land-use changes. Consequently, the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane and others are expected to rise as well as particulate substances (aerosols) like sulfate or soot which are reflecting part of the sunlight and, thus, tend to counteract the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. The future climate projections documented in the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) are based on a large set of climate simulations involving 23 global climate models, including that developed at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg (MPI-M). In the Mediterranean area the summer temperatures (JJA) (will) increase by more than 2.5°C, in central Europe by less than 1.5°C and in eastern Europe by about 1°C or less. In the winter months (DJF) the simulated warming is typically between 1.5°C and 2°C in a large region extending from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean countries
How much do these solar fluctuations influence the climate? To answer this question, simulations have been carried out with the same global climate models used to estimate the effect of the anthropogenic greenhouse. They suggest that a part of the warming observed over the last century can be explained by the rise in solar intensity, although only about a third of it (0.2ºC). It has thus been concluded that solar variability cannot solely be responsible for the observed global warming of the last 100 years.
http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/en/aktuelles/presse/faq.html
”As of in 2007, no remaining scientific body of national or international standing on the planet is known to reject the basic findings of human influence on recent climate change”
(Wikipedia, 2010)
What will the climate in Europe look like in the middle of the 21st century? This question is closely related to global warming resulting from human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels or land-use changes…. El Niño-like events will occur much more frequently in the future if the global output of greenhouse gases such as CO2 is not drastically reduced. Temperatures in Europe are projected to rise between 1 and 2,5 degrees centigrade by mid-century.
-Max Planck Institute Webpage – courtesy of Tinfoil, noted science-denier
Some scientific conclusions or theories have been so thoroughly examined and tested, and supported by so many independent observations and results, that their likelihood of subsequently being found to be wrong is vanishingly small. Such conclusions and theories are then regarded as settled facts. This is the case for the conclusions that the Earth system is warming and that much of this warming is very likely due to human activities.
-US National Academy of Sciences, 2010
”Observations show that warming of the climate is unequivocal. The global warming observed over the past 50 years is due primarily to human-induced emissions of heat-trapping gases. These emissions come mainly from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas), with important contributions from the clearing of forests, agricultural practices, and other activities.”
--From: Definitive Report on Climate Change, 2009
By The United States Global Change Research Program
A Consortium of National Entities Including:
National Science Foundation
Smithsonian Institute
Department of Energy
NASA
Department of Defense
US Environmental Protection Agency
“Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver. .These conclusions are based on multiple independent lines of evidence, and contrary assertions are inconsistent with a n objective assessment of the vast body of peer-reviewed science. … If we are to avoid the most severe impacts of climate change, emissions of greenhouse gases must be dramatically reduced.”
--Joint Statement to US Congress, 2009, by
the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
the American Geophysical Union,
the American Meteorological Society,
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (e.g., Stanford, Johns Hopkins University, UC Berkley, etc)
and other highly reputable scientific bodies.
“A strong, credible body of scientific evidence shows that climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for—and in many cases is already affecting—a broad range of human and natural systems.”
-U.S. National Research Council, 2010
"Earth's climate is now clearly out of balance and is warming," These climate changes, best explained by the increased atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols generated by human activity during the 20th century."
-American Geophysical Union, 2008
“In recent decades, humans have increasingly affected local, regional, and global climate by altering the flows of radiative energy and water through the Earth system (resulting in changes in temperature, winds, rainfall, etc.), which comprises the atmosphere, land surface, vegetation, ocean, land ice, and sea ice. Indeed, strong observational evidence and results from modeling studies indicate that, at least over the last 50 years, human activities are a major contributor to climate change”.
-American Meteorological Society, 2009
“The vast preponderance of evidence, based on years of research conducted by a wide array of different investigators at many institutions, clearly indicates that global climate change is real, it is caused largely by human activities, and the need to take action is urgent,”
-American Association for the Advancement of Science, reaffirmed 2009
”As three of the UK’s leading scientific organisations involving most of the UK scientists working on climate change, we cannot emphasise enough the body of scientific evidence that underpins the call for action now….The 2007 Assessment Report of the UN’s climate change panel (the IPCC) — made up of the world’s foremost climate scientists — provided unequivocal evidence for a warming climate, and a high degree of certainty that human activities are largely responsible for global warming since the middle of the 20th century. However, the IPCC process is based only on information already published and even since the last Assessment Report the scientific evidence for dangerous, long-term and potentially irreversible climate change has strengthened significantly.”
Signed,
UK Meteorological Service
The Royal Society (The UK’s National Academy of Sciences)
The UK Natural Environment Research Council