Alik Bahshi
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Alik Bakhshi
Armenia - history and legend
"Fate and history are written with one hand"
Paulo Coelho
With this ingenious and concise phrase, Paulo Coelho reveals the connection between history and the fate of each individual. In the article "People's fate or each cricket has its own six" (1), I showed that the fate of each person, as well as his appearance and character, which have hereditary characteristics, is predetermined. The same can be transferred to the people, as a set of people with a common visual appearance and mentality. It is thanks to this that it is not difficult to distinguish a Frenchman from an Englishman or a Finn. Since the fate of the people depends on the people's mentality, which is inherited, then each people has its own fate, which most likely determines its future. As a result, we can say that the fate of the people cannot be changed. This is well demonstrated by the Russian people, who, starting with Peter the Great, are literally being dragged to Europe by the ears, but the distance has not been reduced at all. And the idea to introduce democracy in Russia ended in complete failure. The people were spitting blood until Putin appeared, returning the Russian people to their traditional servile state and the imperial and great-power worldview that was shaken. The mentality of the Russian people does not accept the principles of democracy. In short, the Russian people need a dictator who solves problems for them, on whom all failures can later be blamed. This can be traced throughout the history of Russia, and behind all this is the Russian people and no one else. In other words, the past, present and future of every nation lies in its mentality, which is hereditary, which explains the difference between one nation and another, which has persisted throughout its history. However, from Paulo Coelho back to the topic.
I will rely only on known historical facts, which constitute the true history.
So, according to Herodotus, the Armenians massively moved from Thrace - a geographical area in the south of the Balkan Peninsula to Asia Minor, to the existing since 1200 BC. e. Phrygian kingdom. From Phrygia, the Armenians penetrated into Urartu, where they settled in the area around Lake Van, which later became known as the Armenian Highlands.
The continuously competing state formations of the Middle East, Urartu, the Sumerian kingdom, the Babylonian kingdom, Assyria, Media, Persia, Phoenicia, Israel from 600 BC. e. were united by King Cyrus into the vast Persian Empire, which lasted until 330. BC e. An interesting historical fact, the Iranian-speaking tribes, known as the Scythians, who lived in the northern Black Sea region and the Crimea, did not obey the Persian kings, and Darius I undertook a campaign against them, which ended in failure. The Scythians mysteriously disappeared, leaving a memory of themselves in the Scythian hills and the names of the Eastern European rivers, Don, Danube, Dniester, Dnieper, Dvina - don in the Iranian language means a moving liquid. By the way, the Jordan River in Israel and Jordan also owes its name to the Persians. The Persian Empire fell as a result of the successful campaigns of Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Empire arose on its vast territory, which, after the death of Alexander in 323 BC, became the ruler of the Persian Empire. e. became the Seleucid Empire.
In 64 BC. e. under the onslaught of the Great Roman Empire and the newly emerged Persian Empire (the Parthian Kingdom, later the Persian Empire of the Sassanids), the Seleucid Empire ceased to exist. After that, a long and exhausting war broke out in the Middle East between the Roman Empire (later Byzantium) and Parth. The fighting was carried out on the territory of Mesopotamia and the Armenian Highlands for four centuries without any success for any of the warring parties. From time to time, the Pontic king Mithridates got involved in the war on the side of Persia. The Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, who lived in the regions passing from hand to hand, had to endure many severe trials. By the way, the Romans had to evict the Armenians, who betrayed one side or the other, from the Armenian Highlands deep into the empire, to Cilicia (a province of the Roman Empire), which subsequently gave reason to Armenian historians to consider Cilicia a territory within the chimerical Greater Armenia.
The end of the Roman-Persian war in the middle of the 7th century was put by the Arabs, who conquered Persia. It is important to note that since then the Iranians, as a people, have been losing power in their country until 1925.
The Arabs conquered a vast territory from India in the East to the Pyrenees in the West, spreading the new religion of Islam on it. It was impossible to keep such a vast state with a heterogeneous population in subordination from one center. The Caliphate broke up into the Caliphate of Cordoba and the Caliphate of Baghdad. Turkic tribes penetrate into the Baghdat Caliphate, the era of the great Turkic empires begins, which finally put an end to the Baghdat Caliphate.
In the period 1037-1194. The Seljuk Turks, as a result of conquests in Asia Minor and Central Asia, form the Seljuk Sultanate, which takes on the entire burden of the Crusades.
By 1307, unable to withstand the powerful Mongol invasion, the sultanate disintegrated into Turkic principalities (beyliks), one of which subsequently formed the Ottoman Empire, which lasted until 1922.
In the period 1370 - 1507. from the borders of the Ottoman Empire to India, as a result of Timur's conquests, the Timurid Empire or Turan is formed.
By the way, it was Timur who finally sent the Baghdat Caliphate into history. In the Middle East, instead of the Byzantine Empire and the Baghdat Caliphate, two powerful Turkic empires continuously warring with each other, the Ottoman Empire and the Timurid Empire, are formed. In one of the battles, near Ankara in 1402, the Ottomans were defeated, and Sultan Bayazet himself was captured and allegedly taken in a cage to Timur's tent. It is not known about the “cage”, perhaps this is a legend, but the fact that Bayazet spends the rest of his life in captivity is a fact. It should be noted that the Turkic states were in constant rivalry. So the Khan of the Golden Horde, Tokhtamysh, whom Timur helped to come to power, after another devastation of Moscow in 1382 (the campaign was made to assert the shaken power of the Golden Horde over the Russian princes as a result of the defeat in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380), decided to strike at his patron and in 1385 year with a huge army of 90 thousand passing through Derbent, ravaged Tabriz. The next raid was made by Tokhtamysh in 1388 in the direction of Samarkand, the capital of Timur's empire. However, the Golden Ardynians only managed to besiege Bukhara, after which they were driven back. In 1391, Timur, having decided to put an end to the insidious and ungrateful Tokhtamysh, moved his army to the North within the Golden Horde. A battle took place near the Itil (Volga) River, in which Tokhtamysh was utterly defeated, but he managed to escape. Timur did not cross the Itil and turned back.
In 1394, Tokhtamysh again invaded Timur's empire from the Caucasus, but the battle to meet the army sent by Timur did not take place, the Golden Horde retreated and hid in the steppes. The raids of the insidious Tokhtamysh infuriated Timur and he came to the conclusion to put an end to the Golden Horde once and for all. Timur's army marched along the Khazar Sea (Caspian) through the Derbent passage, and in 1395 the armies of two powerful empires met on the Terek River. Timur's undefeated army was victorious. This time, Timur did not turn back, but went to the capital of the Golden Horde, taking Saray, then his army headed for the Dnieper, then Timur turned to the North, and ravaged Yelets.
After the second campaign of Timur, the Golden Horde was completely ruined. The northern branch of the Great Silk Road ceased to function, goods from China in the future went exclusively through the Timurid empire. The treasury of the Golden Horde was empty, the Khan no longer had the means to carry out new raids and to manage the vast empire, and in the future the Golden Horde breaks up into small khanates warring among themselves (the largest of them are the Nogai Khanate, the Kazan Khanate), ceasing to exist .
As for the empire of Timur, in the period 1501-1736 the Turkic dynasty of the Safavids (Kyzylbash state) was in power, and from 1736 to 1925 the Turkic Qajar dynasty ruled the country.
You may ask, what does the Armenians have to do with it? That's it, nothing to do with it! In the above historical excursus, none of the known Middle Eastern empires had a chance to fight with the empire called "Great Armenia" and even "from sea to sea", as it has been recently represented on the map by modern Armenian historians.
Kings, emperors, caliphs, khans, sultans did not even suspect that somewhere between their empires a huge Armenian empire was worming its way. It’s good that they were in the dark, because they probably had enough kondrashka if they knew that they were subordinate to the Armenian king Tigran the Great with his Great Armenia, the existence of which they did not know and from which they were defeated. When did Armenia attack Assyria, Babylon, Persia, Byzantium? When did the Persian Empire manage to become its vassal, because, judging by the map, its capital Persepolis was within the boundaries of Great Armenia. Alas, there is not a single historical document testifying to the aggressive wars of Great Armenia, without which none of the known empires could do.
Incredibly, how could it happen that history knows nothing about Greater Armenia, if you believe the map presented by serious Armenian scientists. True, those artists from history who drew this map missed one very significant point, namely, in what historical period did the Armenians, who lived in a small area around Lake Van, manage to conquer such a vast territory washed by four seas and this period should be quite long. It is also strange that history is silent about the Armenian sailors. I hope Armenian historians will fill this gap.
To be continued
Armenia - history and legend
"Fate and history are written with one hand"
Paulo Coelho
With this ingenious and concise phrase, Paulo Coelho reveals the connection between history and the fate of each individual. In the article "People's fate or each cricket has its own six" (1), I showed that the fate of each person, as well as his appearance and character, which have hereditary characteristics, is predetermined. The same can be transferred to the people, as a set of people with a common visual appearance and mentality. It is thanks to this that it is not difficult to distinguish a Frenchman from an Englishman or a Finn. Since the fate of the people depends on the people's mentality, which is inherited, then each people has its own fate, which most likely determines its future. As a result, we can say that the fate of the people cannot be changed. This is well demonstrated by the Russian people, who, starting with Peter the Great, are literally being dragged to Europe by the ears, but the distance has not been reduced at all. And the idea to introduce democracy in Russia ended in complete failure. The people were spitting blood until Putin appeared, returning the Russian people to their traditional servile state and the imperial and great-power worldview that was shaken. The mentality of the Russian people does not accept the principles of democracy. In short, the Russian people need a dictator who solves problems for them, on whom all failures can later be blamed. This can be traced throughout the history of Russia, and behind all this is the Russian people and no one else. In other words, the past, present and future of every nation lies in its mentality, which is hereditary, which explains the difference between one nation and another, which has persisted throughout its history. However, from Paulo Coelho back to the topic.
I will rely only on known historical facts, which constitute the true history.
So, according to Herodotus, the Armenians massively moved from Thrace - a geographical area in the south of the Balkan Peninsula to Asia Minor, to the existing since 1200 BC. e. Phrygian kingdom. From Phrygia, the Armenians penetrated into Urartu, where they settled in the area around Lake Van, which later became known as the Armenian Highlands.
The continuously competing state formations of the Middle East, Urartu, the Sumerian kingdom, the Babylonian kingdom, Assyria, Media, Persia, Phoenicia, Israel from 600 BC. e. were united by King Cyrus into the vast Persian Empire, which lasted until 330. BC e. An interesting historical fact, the Iranian-speaking tribes, known as the Scythians, who lived in the northern Black Sea region and the Crimea, did not obey the Persian kings, and Darius I undertook a campaign against them, which ended in failure. The Scythians mysteriously disappeared, leaving a memory of themselves in the Scythian hills and the names of the Eastern European rivers, Don, Danube, Dniester, Dnieper, Dvina - don in the Iranian language means a moving liquid. By the way, the Jordan River in Israel and Jordan also owes its name to the Persians. The Persian Empire fell as a result of the successful campaigns of Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Empire arose on its vast territory, which, after the death of Alexander in 323 BC, became the ruler of the Persian Empire. e. became the Seleucid Empire.
In 64 BC. e. under the onslaught of the Great Roman Empire and the newly emerged Persian Empire (the Parthian Kingdom, later the Persian Empire of the Sassanids), the Seleucid Empire ceased to exist. After that, a long and exhausting war broke out in the Middle East between the Roman Empire (later Byzantium) and Parth. The fighting was carried out on the territory of Mesopotamia and the Armenian Highlands for four centuries without any success for any of the warring parties. From time to time, the Pontic king Mithridates got involved in the war on the side of Persia. The Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, who lived in the regions passing from hand to hand, had to endure many severe trials. By the way, the Romans had to evict the Armenians, who betrayed one side or the other, from the Armenian Highlands deep into the empire, to Cilicia (a province of the Roman Empire), which subsequently gave reason to Armenian historians to consider Cilicia a territory within the chimerical Greater Armenia.
The end of the Roman-Persian war in the middle of the 7th century was put by the Arabs, who conquered Persia. It is important to note that since then the Iranians, as a people, have been losing power in their country until 1925.
The Arabs conquered a vast territory from India in the East to the Pyrenees in the West, spreading the new religion of Islam on it. It was impossible to keep such a vast state with a heterogeneous population in subordination from one center. The Caliphate broke up into the Caliphate of Cordoba and the Caliphate of Baghdad. Turkic tribes penetrate into the Baghdat Caliphate, the era of the great Turkic empires begins, which finally put an end to the Baghdat Caliphate.
In the period 1037-1194. The Seljuk Turks, as a result of conquests in Asia Minor and Central Asia, form the Seljuk Sultanate, which takes on the entire burden of the Crusades.
By 1307, unable to withstand the powerful Mongol invasion, the sultanate disintegrated into Turkic principalities (beyliks), one of which subsequently formed the Ottoman Empire, which lasted until 1922.
In the period 1370 - 1507. from the borders of the Ottoman Empire to India, as a result of Timur's conquests, the Timurid Empire or Turan is formed.
By the way, it was Timur who finally sent the Baghdat Caliphate into history. In the Middle East, instead of the Byzantine Empire and the Baghdat Caliphate, two powerful Turkic empires continuously warring with each other, the Ottoman Empire and the Timurid Empire, are formed. In one of the battles, near Ankara in 1402, the Ottomans were defeated, and Sultan Bayazet himself was captured and allegedly taken in a cage to Timur's tent. It is not known about the “cage”, perhaps this is a legend, but the fact that Bayazet spends the rest of his life in captivity is a fact. It should be noted that the Turkic states were in constant rivalry. So the Khan of the Golden Horde, Tokhtamysh, whom Timur helped to come to power, after another devastation of Moscow in 1382 (the campaign was made to assert the shaken power of the Golden Horde over the Russian princes as a result of the defeat in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380), decided to strike at his patron and in 1385 year with a huge army of 90 thousand passing through Derbent, ravaged Tabriz. The next raid was made by Tokhtamysh in 1388 in the direction of Samarkand, the capital of Timur's empire. However, the Golden Ardynians only managed to besiege Bukhara, after which they were driven back. In 1391, Timur, having decided to put an end to the insidious and ungrateful Tokhtamysh, moved his army to the North within the Golden Horde. A battle took place near the Itil (Volga) River, in which Tokhtamysh was utterly defeated, but he managed to escape. Timur did not cross the Itil and turned back.
In 1394, Tokhtamysh again invaded Timur's empire from the Caucasus, but the battle to meet the army sent by Timur did not take place, the Golden Horde retreated and hid in the steppes. The raids of the insidious Tokhtamysh infuriated Timur and he came to the conclusion to put an end to the Golden Horde once and for all. Timur's army marched along the Khazar Sea (Caspian) through the Derbent passage, and in 1395 the armies of two powerful empires met on the Terek River. Timur's undefeated army was victorious. This time, Timur did not turn back, but went to the capital of the Golden Horde, taking Saray, then his army headed for the Dnieper, then Timur turned to the North, and ravaged Yelets.
After the second campaign of Timur, the Golden Horde was completely ruined. The northern branch of the Great Silk Road ceased to function, goods from China in the future went exclusively through the Timurid empire. The treasury of the Golden Horde was empty, the Khan no longer had the means to carry out new raids and to manage the vast empire, and in the future the Golden Horde breaks up into small khanates warring among themselves (the largest of them are the Nogai Khanate, the Kazan Khanate), ceasing to exist .
As for the empire of Timur, in the period 1501-1736 the Turkic dynasty of the Safavids (Kyzylbash state) was in power, and from 1736 to 1925 the Turkic Qajar dynasty ruled the country.
You may ask, what does the Armenians have to do with it? That's it, nothing to do with it! In the above historical excursus, none of the known Middle Eastern empires had a chance to fight with the empire called "Great Armenia" and even "from sea to sea", as it has been recently represented on the map by modern Armenian historians.
Kings, emperors, caliphs, khans, sultans did not even suspect that somewhere between their empires a huge Armenian empire was worming its way. It’s good that they were in the dark, because they probably had enough kondrashka if they knew that they were subordinate to the Armenian king Tigran the Great with his Great Armenia, the existence of which they did not know and from which they were defeated. When did Armenia attack Assyria, Babylon, Persia, Byzantium? When did the Persian Empire manage to become its vassal, because, judging by the map, its capital Persepolis was within the boundaries of Great Armenia. Alas, there is not a single historical document testifying to the aggressive wars of Great Armenia, without which none of the known empires could do.
Incredibly, how could it happen that history knows nothing about Greater Armenia, if you believe the map presented by serious Armenian scientists. True, those artists from history who drew this map missed one very significant point, namely, in what historical period did the Armenians, who lived in a small area around Lake Van, manage to conquer such a vast territory washed by four seas and this period should be quite long. It is also strange that history is silent about the Armenian sailors. I hope Armenian historians will fill this gap.
To be continued
