evince
Truthmatters
Before unions bad teachers could be fired.
Stellar workers were rewarded and incompetent ones shown the door.
Child Labor Reform and the U.S. Labor Movement
1832 New England unions condemn child laborThe New England Association of Farmers, Mechanics and Other Workingmen resolve that “Children should not be allowed to labor in the factories from morning till night, without any time for healthy recreation and mental culture,” for it “endangers their . . . well-being and health”
Women's Trade Union League of New York
Women’s Trade Union League of New York
1836 Early trade unions propose state minimum age lawsUnion members at the National Trades’ Union Convention make the first formal, public proposal recommending that states establish minimum ages for factory work 1836 First state child labor lawMassachusetts requires children under 15 working in factories to attend school at least 3 months/year1842 States begin limiting children’s work daysMassachusetts limits children’s work days to 10 hours; other states soon pass similar laws—but most of these laws are not consistently enforced1876 Labor movement urges minimum age lawWorking Men’s Party proposes banning the employment of children under the age of 14 1881 Newly formed AFL supports state minimum age lawsThe first national convention of the American Federation of Labor passes a resolution calling on states to ban children under 14 from all gainful employment1883 New York unions win state reformLed by Samuel Gompers, the New York labor movement successfully sponsors legislation prohibiting cigar making in tenements, where thousands of young children work in the trade1892 Democrats adopt union recommendationsDemocratic Party adopts platform plank based on union recommendations to ban factory employment for children under 15
National Child Labor Committee
National Child Labor Committee
1904 National Child Labor Committee formsAggressive national campaign for federal child labor law reform begins1916 New federal law sanctions state violatorsFirst federal child labor law prohibits movement of goods across state lines if minimum age laws are violated (law in effect only until 1918, when it’s declared unconstitutional, then revised, passed, and declared unconstitutional again)1924 First attempt to gain federal regulation failsCongress passes a constitutional amendment giving the federal government authority to regulate child labor, but too few states ratify it and it never takes effect1936 Federal purchasing law passesWalsh-Healey Act states U.S. government will not purchase goods made by underage children1937 Second attempt to gain federal regulation failsSecond attempt to ratify constitutional amendment giving federal government authority to regulate child labor falls just short of getting necessary votes1937 New federal law sanctions growersSugar Act makes sugar beet growers ineligible for benefit payments if they violate state minimum age and hours of work standards1938 Federal regulation of child labor achieved in Fair Labor Standards ActFor the first time, minimum ages of employment and hours of work for children are regulated by federal law