Most US dollars are virtual only as well. That's the nature of fractional reserve banking. The difference between most cryptos and fractional reserve banking is that banks are essentially able to get money for next to nothing through things like quantitative easing. An article on the subject that I think gets into the gist of it is here:
The Crime Known As Quantitative Easing | cobdencentre.org
Cryptocurrencies don't allow banks to do this, which is one of the reasons that the value of some of them has skyrocketed since their inception.
You are partially right. Fractional reserve banking is nuts.
I don't see how I'm only partially right.
But virtually all of your funds in the bank are covered by FDIC.
Your bank goes bye bye...and you don't lose a penny.
You don't lose a penny, sure, but inflation can skyrocket and still make your money all but wortheless. People don't understand that when the FED gives banks tons of money through "quantitative easing", they're reducing the value of the US dollar.
If a crypto goes to zero?
Every dime you put into it - goes to zero.
Some countries have had and continue to have terrible inflation. Some examples:
https://medium.com/geekculture/the-top-21-countries-where-inflation-is-the-worst-e1aec72b15b
Any currency, whether government issued or otherwise, runs this risk of terrible inflation for various reasons. I think we might be able to agree that the best currencies are backed by assets that have uses outside of just being a method of exchange, whether that's something like precious metals or real estate. I believe that is where money will head to eventually, but not before people realize what a bad idea it is to have currencies only backed by what people are willing to pay for them. While assets like precious metals and real estate are certainly good in the sense that they are some of the most reliable in terms of maintaining value, that's not always the case, especially when it comes to real estate. Also, physical assets can be more vulnerable to theft or seizure. Combining physical assets with virtual ones like cryptos is the best way forward in my view.
Most cryptos are backed by nothing.
Literally.
You cannot exchange them for a solid cryptocurrency...because there are few/no such things as cryptocurrency cash.
As they still represent the crypto itself.
Some of the highest market cap cryptos are actually pegged to the US dollar. After Bitcoin and Ethereum, USDT (US Dollar Tether) and USD Coin come in at 3rd and 4th highest value cryptos by market cap, coming in at around 66 Billion and 44 Billion respectively:
https://coinmarketcap.com/
I believe I understand the reason for this. Precisely due to the high volatility of cryptos, many tend to put their cryptos into these US Dollar pegged cryptos to whether out any crypto winters. Also, there's a growing number of cryptos that can be exchanged for these dollar pegged cryptos as well.
I don't want to get in a big discussion about this.
But the fact remains that most cryptos (that I know of) are backed by nothing and represent nothing.
And are literally...nothing.
A giant EMP pulse hits the world?
And most/ALL of them go bye bye.
The same would be true for most US dollars as well. Based on a quora question and answer, apparently 99% of all US dollars are digital:
https://www.quora.com/What-percentage-of-U-S-money-is-digital
Plus, every transaction by Bitcoin takes a GIGANTIC amount of electricity.
If I pay cash for a candy bar...it can take zero electricity.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/881541/bitcoin-energy-consumption-transaction-comparison-visa/
Bitcoin was the first crypto, but it's also perhaps the most expensive and energy intensive to move around. It costs around $2 to move Bitcoin from one electronic wallet to another. The second largest crypto by market cap, Ethereum, only costs around 3 cents per transaction, and is no longer mined either. I've been telling people for years to get out of Bitcoin as I think it's bound to fall eventually, but people just keep on going for it anyway, as reflected by its still dominant #1 position by market cap. It's currently at around 320 Billion in market cap, with Ethereum not even half that, at around 145 Billion in market cap. I think eventually people will come to see things my way though.
Finally, cryptos are astoundingly unstable.
That is a terrible basis for a currency.
For a day to day currency, agreed, but as a vehicle for investment, they've proven to be pretty good. As mentioned previously, the value of Bitcoin has skyrocketed from not even being worth a penny each to currently being worth over 16,000 USD. It's been higher, though, and you already know my thoughts on Bitcoin, so it's not a crypto I'd personally want to invest in, but there are many others with much lower market caps that I do think are worth looking into if one is debt free and owns their own home. It's possible that it might be worth investing in them even if one doesn't meet these conditions, but I'm not sure there.
There is another issue, which is one that my mother has mentioned, which is that it's not always easy to move money around in regular banks. Also, if one doesn't want banks and governments knowing everything one does with one's money, it can be useful to have other forms of currency.