Do Americans Stop Being American Citizens.....

In other words the states can deny the First Amendment right to those who committed felonies?

No. Violating the first amendment is something denied to both the federal government and the states (although the Bill of Rights did not apply to the states until 1925 and all of those rights still do not apply to the states).

My reference was to powers not given to Congress but exercised by the states. For example, Congress is given no powers regarding education. If a state says all students shall attend school 180 days the federal government cannot override that law because it has no power over education.

The Constitution does not give Congress the power over education and it does not prohibit the states from providing education; therefore, the states can choose to make laws over education if they choose (reserved power).

Both the federal and state government can make regulations regarding pollution (concurrent powers). But if there is a conflict the federal law prevails (supremacy clause).
 
Federal and state law does. For example, felons almost totally may not own or possess a firearm. That goes for life. Sex offenders are required to register for life. Many white collar crimes like forgery, fraud, bank fraud, that sort of thing get you banned from certain employment for life. Voting is different by state. Some states take this away for life (which I think is very unfair), others only while serving your sentence including during community custody / parole / supervised release. Some restore this right on release from prison / custody.

And some states allow felons to vote while in prison.
 
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