it does happen from too much money supply.
It can happen because of too much money supply, but that is not the primary pusher of it. And the money supply probably is not what you think it is.
The amount of money chasing goods and services is the money supply multiplied by the velocity of money. That second part (multiplied by the velocity of money) causes a couple of major problems. It means that as inflation goes up, people become interested in spending or investing their money as quickly as possible, which increases the velocity of money, which in turn causes more inflation. The deflationary version is even more brutal. Neither are easy to reverse with changes to the money supply.
But even the money supply is not what you think it is. The money supply is not the amount of money the US Government prints. The money supply also includes money that the banks have effectively created, and only exists in electronic form. Fractional banking means that banks will give out loans that are greater than their deposits. During times of growth, there is an incentive to give out a higher loan to deposit ratio.