Please, who decides whether a law is "necessary and proper" for carrying out delegated powers?
Congress. See Article I of the Constitution of the United States. It must also be approved in most cases by the President. See Article II of the Constitution of the United States.
Jefferson certainly did not think a national bank was "necessary" but Hamilton did.
...so?
It was obviously not that clear at the time.
It is not unconstitutional either.
What was clear is that Federalists supported it and Anti-Federalists opposed it.
...so?
Where does it say Congress can give the president emergency powers,
Article I, $8 clearly gives Congress the power of the budget. This is a budget item.
send troops without a declaration of war,
Apparently you don't believe that the federal government has the power to raise armies and navies.
or multiple other things the courts rule on regularly?
Courts do not rule on where Congress sends the military. They don't rule on what Congress decides to spend money on. They don't rule on whether Congress decides to create a national bank.
Apparently you have never read the Constitution.
* You don't understand the purpose of Congress and what powers they are given.
* You don't understand the purpose of the President and what powers he is given.
* You don't understand why there are two houses in government, and what each house has the power to do.
* You don't understand the powers given to the judicial system. You place the courts ABOVE the Constitution.
* You continually refer to a court as authoritative OVER the Constitution. The Constitution is the authoritative reference, not a court case.
* You keep treating the courts as if they were infallible. They are not. Courts have exceeded their authority quite often. So has Congress. So have several Presidents.
* You keep editing the Constitution to support your arguments. You keep trying to change it.
* You leap from one extreme argument fallacy to another. Redirection after redirection. You have lost the context of this thread completely.
* You leap from one redefinition fallacy to another, mostly due to fixation on one word of the Constitution taken out of context.
The Constitution is clearly written. It is written in English. You need to go back to using English. Redefining words and taking wording out of context is not a valid argument.
It is time to remember that Congress does NOT have the power to designate what light bulb you can buy, what toilet you can buy, what the value of money shall be, whether you can use TEL in gasoline, whether you can emit a naturally occurring gas in the atmosphere into the atmosphere, which substances you can fuck yourself up on, which guns you can buy, where you can carry them (except on their own property), steal your wealth to give to another person, tell you who you can hire, tell you who you are allowed or required to sell to, designate what your kid can learn in school, designate what encryption system you can use, require a State to give money and welfare services to any individual or group, or any of many other laws they have passed by exceeding their authority.