http://banking.senate.gov/index.cfm?Fuseaction=Articles.Detail&Article_id=125&Month=3&Year=2007
Despite those warning signals, in February of 2004 the leadership of the Federal Reserve Board seemed to encourage the development and use of adjustable rate mortgages that, today, are defaulting and going into foreclosure at record rates. The then-Chairman of the Fed said, in a speech to the National Credit Union Administration, said:
“American consumers might benefit if lenders provided greater mortgage product alternatives to the traditional fixed-rate mortgage.”
Shortly thereafter, the Fed went on a series of 17 interest rate hikes in a row, taking the fed funds rate from 1% to 5.25%.
So, in sum: By the Spring of 2004, the regulators had started to document the fact that lending standards were easing. At the same time, the Fed was encouraging lenders to develop and market alternative adjustable rate products, just as it was embarking on a long series of hikes in short term rates. In my view, these actions set the conditions for the perfect storm that is sweeping over millions of American homeowners today.
By May, 2005, the press was reporting that economists were warning about the risks of these new mortgages.
June of that year, Chairman Greenspan was talking about “froth” in the mortgage market and testified before the Joint Economic Committee that he was troubled by the surge in exotic mortgages. Data indicated that nearly 25% of all mortgage loans made that year were interest-only.
Yet, in December, 2005, the regulators proposed guidance to reign in some of the irresponsible lending. And we had to wait another seven months, until September, 2006, before that guidance was finalized.
Even then, even now, the regulators’ response is incomplete. It was not until earlier this month – more than 3 years after recognizing the problem – that the regulators agreed to extend these protections to more vulnerable subprime borrowers. These are borrowers who are less likely to understand the complexities of the products being pushed on them, and who have fewer reserves on which to fall if trouble strikes. We still await final action on this guidance, which I urge the regulators to complete at the earliest possible moment.