Where the Left seems to blame global warming on everything having to do with the deteriorating of America's landscape, our water supply and even the deaths of people caught up in extreme heat conditions (which are few in number), I'm curious as to whether this current deep freeze and deep snow conditions of late up and around the Buffalo N.Y. area that has caused dozens of deaths makes these lefties rethink their assertion that climate change or that global warming is and should be of major concern to we taxpayers going forward by allocating billions of dollars to their Green New Deal and any other illiterate claim that our world is going to end in less than ten years unless we immediately destroy all fossil fuels and wait around decades for some sort of windmill or electric means to save us from this travesty?
You might take note that more people across the world die from cold conditions then they die from warm or hot conditions. Just a fact Jack!
https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2015/05/20/cold-weather-deaths/27657269/
The Church of Global Warming has tried to rebrand itself as 'climate change'. People stopped believing in the old name because of instances like this, and the religion wanted to be more inclusive of weather events in the winter.
They still blame CO2 of course, and continue to state the Earth is warming.
But it isn't possible.
The 1st law of thermodynamics states E(t+1) = E(t) - U, where 'E' is energy, 't' is time, and 'U' is work. In other words, the ONLY way to increase energy (in this case average thermal energy) is to provide work. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It cannot be created out of nothing. CO2 is not an energy source or work. It, like any other gas or vapor, is incapable of warming the Earth.
The Church of Global Warming discards this theory of science by claiming the CO2 has magickal properties to warm the Earth.
The 2nd law of thermodynamics states e(t+1) >= e(t) where 'e' is entropy (or the randomness of a system), and 't' is time. In other words, entropy always increases or stays the same. This law defines the concept of 'heat', which is the flow of thermal energy. Heat is from hot to cold, NEVER from cold to hot. If both regions are the same temperature, there is no heat. (The concept of 'temperature' is defined by the 0th law of thermodynamics, which the Church of Global Warming also discards).
The Church of Global Warming discards this theory of science by claiming that CO2, a colder gas in the atmosphere, can somehow heat the Earth's surface by some kind of 'reflection'.
The Stefan-Boltzmann law describes how thermal energy is converted to electromagnetic energy (light). It's the relation: E = C*e*t^4, where 'E' is electromagnetic energy, 'C' is a natural constant (converting the relation to our units of measurement), 'e' is the emissivity of the radiating surface, or how well it can emit or absorb light (the inverse of emissivity is 'albedo', a measure of how reflective a surface is) expressed as a percentage, and 't' is temperature in deg K, or the average thermal energy of the radiating surface. Emissivity (or albedo) is a measured constant. Measuring it requires knowing precisely the temperature of the radiating surface.
In other words, the higher the temperature, the more energy is converted to light, cooling the radiating surface. It is NEVER the inverse. You cannot heat a warmer substance by radiant heat using a colder radiating surface. This also conforms to the 2nd law of thermodynamics.
The Stefan-Boltzmann law is the integration of Plank's law over ALL frequencies of light combined.
When light strikes an object, the photon is destroyed, utterly. The energy it had is converted into some other form of energy. What that form takes is governed by quantum mechanics. Much of this work was by Rutherford.
UV light strips electrons off of atoms and can produce ions directly. If high enough frequency (such as UV-C, this can be particularly dangerous, since it destroys human tissue exposed to it. This is why the medical world and airports limit the amount of X-ray exposure (even higher frequency than UV-C!).
Fortunately, UV-C light from the Sun is absorbed by ozone, and none of it reaches the surface.
Visible light converts to chemical energy (photosynthesis being an obvious example). It is visible light and lower bands of UV light (that DO reach the surface) that destroy plastics, paint, gives us sunburn and suntan, and allow us to see. All of them are chemical reactions caused by visible light and the lower bands of UV.
Infrared light, when absorbed, converts to thermal energy (heating the absorbing surface). Most of the energy put out by the Sun is infrared light. Despite the intensity of it, we can't see it. We can feel and observe it's effects as it heats the Earth. Like a little glowing coal in the edge of the fire, Earth orbits an incredibly powerful star and basks in the energy that streams out from it.
That coal cannot heat itself.
The Church of Global Warming discards the Stefan-Boltzmann law and Planck's law with it. Photons are not created equal. It is not possible to heat a warmer object using a colder one, even by radiant heating. No surface will absorb a photon of equal or less energy than the surface already has. quantum mechanics explains why.
Typically, the Church of Global warming tries to impose a 'sequence' to try to set aside the Stefan-Boltzmann law for some period of time, or try to add terms to the equation such as frequency (and discard the law that way!).
Thus, the Church of Global Warming discards these three theories of science. Instead they claim The sCiEnCe, which is just a buzzword to them to justify their circular argument fallacy.
Further, the Church of Global Warming claims to know the temperature of the Earth and the global atmospheric concentration of CO2. Neither is possible to measure.
Statistical mathematics requires the use of unbiased raw data to select from. Because selection is by randN (once selected, you cannot select it again), and because the selection set is normalized by paired randR (like two or more dice, which produces the familiar bell curve), statistical mathematics is incapable of predicting anything. It is merely a useful summary tool.
For any statistical summary, TWO values must be published: the average, and the margin of error. This 2nd number is calculated from the possible variances the data may take (not the data itself). For temperature, this means the sharpest temperature gradient observed in a reasonably common basis.
Raw data MUST be used. You cannot use cooked data, since that is simply running a statistical analysis WITHOUT DATA to 'predict' what the data 'should be'. In other words, it's guessing by circular argument.
Measuring temperature has two common sources of bias. These MUST be eliminated to even begin to build an unbiased raw data set.
The first is location grouping bias. Thermometers today are located in cities and along roads (they must be serviced). They do not exist in remote locations. One hundred thermometers in a city tells you NOTHING about temperature outside the city or in any other city. In other words, to eliminate this bias, thermometers MUST be uniformly placed. They aren't.
The second is time bias. As air masses move, weather moves, the Sun moving across the sky, rapidly moving storm fronts, etc., measuring MUST be made at the same time by the same authority (people who are collecting the raw data). This doesn't happen. Thermometers are read by widely different authorities and at different times.
Now we come to the problem of the margin of error calculation.
To begin, one must choose a sensible source of variance. For temperature this is temperature gradient per given distance (say, a mile). I have personally seen several times temperature varying by as much as 20 deg F per mile, usually across storm fronts, across the day/night terminator in mountainous regions, and even from an asphalt surface such as a road or parking lot to forest, grass, or lake or ocean water. It can change dramatically simply by a cloud passing overhead. If you ever go to experience a total eclipse of the Sun yourself someday, you will find the temperature drops RAPIDLY just as soon as the Sun is covered by the Moon. Further causes of sharp temperature gradients can occur from mountain wave compression (as air travels over the mountain, the leeward side sees rapidly descending air, compressing the air beneath it, and dramatically warming it). This can be quite dramatic on windy days in the mountains.
Next, we must consider the number of data sites collected. NASA uses the larger number (NOAA tends to concentrate on domestic thermometers only), so we'll use that. NASA uses some 7500 thermometers to build it's data set. (Remember, these are still biased by location grouping and by time, but we'll ignore that little inconvenience for now.) 7500 uniformly spread across the Earth's surface will result in ONE thermometer measuring an area about the size of West Virginia.
Since temperature can vary as much as 20 deg F per mile, the possible variance to the next thermometer is greater than the difference between the highest and lowest temperatures (due to weather) ever measured on Earth, so we'll use that as our upper fence.
Mathematically, then, the claim to know the temperature of Earth is guessing. It is a type of random number called a randU, which is a psuedo random number thought up in someone's head (or a computer algorithm that does the same thing, also thought up in someone's head).
This is to say, that ANY claim to know the Earth's temperature is BS. To claim the Earth is warming means you MUST know the Earth's temperature at two different points in time, in order to calculate a delta value. To claim that 'most' thermometers are showing increasing temperatures is a math error, by discarding the distributive law.
To measure CO2, it's even worse. There are only a few dozen stations even capable of measuring CO2. The favorite one, the Mauna Loa observatory in the Big Island of Hawaii, is located on an active volcano (which erupted several times in the past year), which vents CO2 to the atmosphere. The Mauna Loa observatory has no way to determine if CO2 is coming from the volcano, the increasing number of hotels and cars along the coast, or CO2 normally present at that location in the atmosphere. Further, CO2 in the atmosphere is NOT uniformly concentrated. It varies quite dramatically with altitude and with plant growth and decay in a given area as it changes through the seasons and from day to day and hour to hour.
It makes no difference anyway, since CO2 is incapable of warming the Earth.
Does CO2 absorb infrared light? Sure. Pretty much anything does.
Does CO2 become warmer when it absorbs infrared light? Sure. Anything does.
Does CO2 emit infrared light and heat the Earth? No. That would violate quantum mechanics and the 2nd law of thermodynamics. CO2 gas in the atmosphere is generally colder than the surface.
The Church of Global Warming is a fundamentalist style religion that routinely discards these theories of science and statistical, probability, algebra, and random number mathematics.
Be aware that pointing to any weather event as 'proof' of global warming or global cooling or even to try to falsify any claim of such, is itself a math error. It is again ignoring the distributive law. It is also a logic error (a fallacy) called a compositional error fallacy. This fallacy occurs when one tries to extend an element of a set across the entire set or to the set itself. This is the fallacy behind bigotry (where the set is people), and racism (which is bigotry where the property being extended is a genetic trait). The compositional error itself is a fallacy, even if there is no bigotry or racism.
So much for the Church of Global Warming. It's goal is the same as any other religion by Democrats. To gain power. To lord over every aspect of your life.