It's interesting that you attempt to move the goalposts by saying "not by percentage." Actually, statistically speaking, per capita is the gold standard when calculating demographic factors. Example: Two elementary schools have an outbreak of measles. Both schools have 29 students out with the virus. One school has 550 students; the other has 1,000. Which school has the higher incidence per capita?
You don't want your answer to be given in percentages/per capita because it would prove your claim about public assistance to be wrong.
Source:
States Most Dependent on the Federal Government
It isn't moving the goal posts. Here's an example of why. This thought experiment takes things to an extreme to illustrate the problem clearly.
In state A there are 10,000 people and 1000 of them are impoverished, homeless, etc. That's 10%
In state B there are 1,000,000 people and 50,000 of them are impoverished, homeless, etc. That's 5%
The Law of Large Numbers kicks in here and distorts the issue if you discuss percentages. Clearly state B has a far more serious problem with poverty and homelessness than state A, having more such people by 5 times the population of state A.
As for your graph, this is another deception based on what counts as federal government funding. If you take ALL government funding to a state--as the graphic does--and then apply that as portion of state funding, it becomes easily disprovable as a theory.
First, not all federal funding is related to state funding. Some examples: Military spending is based on where bases, defense sites, etc., happen to be located. For example, North and South Dakota house the majority of the US ICBM fleet and related military installations because of their location geographically. That has nothing to do with state spending. National parks, forests, monuments, etc., likewise are funded because that's where they are, not because some state funded them. They are geographically fixed in location.
Thus, much of federal spending is not dependent on state funding. The graphic you use, favors large, high population states over smaller low population ones as the former dilutes federal money returned more than the latter.
As an example, again, of why percentages shouldn't be used, is this graphic. It lists absolute federal spending in dollar amount per state on welfare. All of a sudden it is the large, Blue, Democrat states that get slammed for the most welfare spending from the federal government.
Don't go trying to play statistical nonsense with me. I took and use far to much statistics all the time to fall for that.