I have never heard of a chimpanzee group providing protection and charitable assistance to a rival chimpanzee group.
Neither have I. That's why I mentioned the fact that humans, with their "expansion pack" bigger, better brain are capable of generalizing the concept to see other humans outside of our individual clans as other humans we can extend that benefit to.
There is a widespread desire to claim animal morality is basically the same as Christian, Buddhist, or Confucian morality. I don't see it after half a century of observing wildlife.
I agree sort of. The "love your enemies as yourselves" bit is a bit too far for just wild animals. It actually kind of requires the added intellect we bring the party to figure out how that is good.
But it's built off of the same tendency to seek what you talked about earlier: an evolution advantage.
Cooperation to the extent it exists in nature is fundamentally based on the concept of reciprocity.
Not sure if I agree with that. I'm kind of doubtful that the wolf helps its fellow injured wolf with any expectation that if they are ever injured someone will take care of them. I think it's way more instinctual and not even "thought about" at all.
Since I think humans are other animals I can see that we probably have the same in-built component. We just add extras onto it. We seek to figure out WHY we respond as we do. And that's when we codify our actions as moral rules.
The remora fish and the shark have a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. Wolves and lionesses will cooperate in a hunt because there is mutually advantageous reciprocity.
I see what you are saying and agree with it, but, again, I don't think that "reciprocity" is EVER thought of by the lioness or the wolf. They just do it.
The ethos taught by the Axial Age prophets were not based on reciprocity.
I think our disagreement may lie in which comes first: the concept of reciprocity or the instinct to take care of one's own? Obviously I think the latter came first and the former was put in place to explain why we do the latter.
It seems as if your theory is that people actively figured out how their actions would benefit them or harm them and then acted accordingly.
We're big brained creatures and we are kinda different from other animals in many ways mentally so perhaps your theory is correct. Perhaps we as a species are born bereft of any of the "moral instincts" that wild animals have and that we have to build ours so we need moral teachers to show us the way.
Jesus did not say you should do good for somebody in the expectation they would reciprocate or that it would be mutually beneficial.
Agree. Possible exception is Luke 6:31. In that case it's almost explicit. But as for many of the other teachings like "love your enemy" are counterintuitive and much hard to make sense of without thinking a bit more deeply than just instinct.
That is what made the Parable of the good Samaritan and the rendering of aid to complete strangers with leprosy so shocking and radical.
Well, the lepers in Jesus time were essentially beggars which means that there was a constant level of rendering aid to them long before Jesus came along. And I'm pretty sure the Jews of Palestine would have been very aware of the commands to care for the poor and the stranger that were already in the Pentateuch in Leviticus etc. So I am not entirely certain such a philosophy of Jesus would have been "shocking" or "radical" in any real sense to the Jews of the time and place. Perhaps the Romans and those who were not familiar with the traditions of the Jews would have been surprised.
I understand that Jesus WAS a radical in many ways. He seemed to be some inflection point in the understanding of the Laws of Judaism so there's a lot to be said for your theory. But I also think it is probably a bit less "direct".