Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection isn't science. It is not even a valid nonscientific theory, since it creates a paradox. This 'theory' fails the internal consistency check. It is irrational. It is not a valid theory at all.
The Theory of Evolution, however, is a theory, but not a scientific one. It is not falsifiable.
There are lot of nonscientific theories claiming to be 'science' over history, including:
The Theory of the Big Bang.
The Theory of Abiogenesis.
The Theory of Creation.
The Theory of Evolution.
The Theory of the Continuum.
NONE of these theories are theories of science, for NONE of them are falsifiable. Science is a set of falsifiable theories.
Spoken like someone who never set foot in a university level science class!
Science is not a class nor a university.
The geocentric modified Ptolomaic system of epicycles was perfectly adequate for predicting planetary motions.
No, it wasn't. This theory was falsified by Galileo.
But scientists care about getting things right. We live in a heliocentric system, no a geocentric system.
It is not possible to prove any theory TRUE. There is no 'getting things right'.
We do not live in a heliocentric system either.
* planets do not orbit the Sun. The Sun and the planets orbit each other around a point called the barycenter. This conforms with Newton's law of motion as well as Kepler's laws of orbital speed and trajectory.
* moons do not orbit the Sun at all. They and their planets orbit each other around the barycenter (the barycenter of the Earth-Moon system is approximately 60 miles from the center of Earth), producing TWO high and TWO low tides daily.
* the Sun isn't stationary. It orbits the galactic center. It has an orbital period of about 2.5 million years (assuming the Sun lasts that long!).
* the Galaxy isn't stationary. It is moving with respect to other galaxies.
There is no absolute 'stationary'. See Einstein's laws.
This thread has nothing to do with the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics.
There is no 'interpretation' of any theory of Science. The theory simply exists, or it does not. Done.
More importantly, Einstein's relativity was a theoretical framework based on classical physics principles of determinism,
Dead wrong. The Theory of Relativity states quite the opposite. There is no absolute zero speed. There is no absolute stationary. You are confusing Newton with Einstein.
Bohr used Einstein's Theory of Emission Constancy (and Planck's laws) to develop his model of the atom, which now has been falsified. It is a good enough model for many cases though, which is why you still see it used in various training manuals. The Bohr model was falsified by Heisenberg. Quantum mechanics came out of Einstein's work, along with Planck's work, Heisenberg, and of course Schrodinger.
It only sounds like gibberish to you because you've never set foot in a college physics class,
Science is not a physics class or a college. Science is a set of falsifiable theories.
and relativity is not something you can acquire a basic working knowledge of by frantically googling Wikipedia for ten minutes.
No, but it is something you can quickly gain experience with by riding in a car.
Spacetime interval: In spacetime we can define an event as something marked by the 4 coordinates x, y, z, and t.
ds[SUP]2[/SUP]=(c dt)[SUP]2[/SUP] - (dx[SUP]2[/SUP] + dy[sup]2[/sup] + dz[sup]2[/sup])
Random equation. It does not describe the spacetime diagram.
This metric has the advantage of being invariant under a Lorentz transformation
The Lorentz transformation is the correct equation for the spacetime diagram.
-- that is, observers in different inertial frames will all measure the same interval ds.
No such thing as an 'inertial frame'. The spacetime diagram describes how different reference frames relate to each other. No frame has 'inertia'. No frame is mass. See Newtons' Law of Motion.
The spacetime interval can be positive, negative, or zero
WRONG. There is no 'interval'.