Affirmative action exists exactly the way I presented it. When promoting diversity uses the race of certain groups (in AA's case anyone but white) to create a diverse environment that hiring, etc. solely on qualifications would never producebecause those benefiting from it otherwise wouldn't get hired, etc., it's discriminatory. In other words, if a black gets hired because his/her race is considered and they wouldn't get hired if based solely on qualifications, that discriminatory.
Nope. Again, they can't use race as single factor.
Few employers have affirmative action programs. Many that do focus on recruitment of minority groups rather than changing anything in the hiring process.
You can't get a job because you are stupid and foul tempered.