Variable name: A name of a variable. For instance, in C
int x = 3;
int is the kind of variable, 3 is the value being assigned to the variable, x is the name. Oldskool programmers would write names like this:
int tmp = tmpctrllr.crrtmp;
Modern programmers would make variable names like this:
int theCurrentTemperatureReadingFromTheTemperatureGuage = theClassThatControlsTheTemperatureGuage.aMethodThatRetrievesTheCurrentTemperatureGaugeReading;
Clearly, the second example is much preferable.
Global: A kind of variable accessible from any part of the program. This is bad practice, because you don't want a function in some obscure part of the program modifying the value of a variable that might be being used elsewhere, in a function, a class, or the main part of the program (the main part is the part that starts running when the program launches, from which all the other classes and functions used in the program are first called).
You've just been skooled.