In 1901, the first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Jean-Henry Dunant, founder of the Red Cross, whose whole life was guided by a passionate devotion to the humanitarian cause; he took initiatives and carried out activities of the utmost generosity. Living in poverty in a poorhouse at Heiden (Canton of Appenzell, Switzerland), and too ill to travel to Sweden to accept the award, Henry Dunant chose to bequeath the prize money to charitable causes rather than to keep it for himself.
The International Committee of the Red Cross was subsequently awarded the Nobel Prize on three other occasions: in 1917 and 1944, as a tribute to its humanitarian activities during the two World Wars, and again in 1963, together with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, on the occasion of the Movement's 100th anniversary.
Few people realize that Jean Henri Dunant was also one of the founders of the World Alliance of YMCAs in Paris in 1855. Dunant started very humbly by inviting a few friends to meet regularly at his house to study the Bible, to encourage each other in good works, and to bring about a spiritual awakening among young people.
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William Booth embarked upon his ministerial career in 1852. His crusade was to win the lost multitudes of London to Christ. He went into the streets of London to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ to the poor, the homeless, the hungry and the destitute.
Booth abandoned the conventional concept of a church and a pulpit and took his message to the people. His fervor led to disagreement with the leaders of the church in London. They preferred traditional measures. As a result, he withdrew from the church and traveled throughout England conducting evangelistic meetings. His wife, Catherine, was a major force in The Salvation Army movement.
In 1865, William Booth was invited to hold a series of evangelistic meetings in the east end of London. He set up a tent in a Quaker graveyard and his services became an instant success. This proved to be the end of his wanderings as an independent traveling evangelist. His renown as a religious leader spread throughout London. His followers were a vigorous group dedicated to fight for the souls of men and women.
Thieves, prostitutes, gamblers and drunkards were among Booth’s first converts to Christianity. His congregations were desperately poor. He preached hope and salvation. His aim was to lead them to Christ and to link them to a church for further spiritual guidance. Even though they were converted, churches did not accept Booth’s followers because of what they had been. Booth gave their lives direction in a spiritual manner and put them to work to save others who were like themselves. They too preached and sang in the streets as a living testimony to the power of God.
In 1867, Booth had only 10 full-time workers. By 1874, the numbers had grown to 1,000 volunteers and 42 evangelists. They served under the name "The Christian Mission." Booth assumed the title of a General Superintendent. His followers called him "General." Known as the "Hallelujah Army,'" the converts spread out of the east end of London into neighboring areas and then to other cities.
Booth was reading a printer’s proof of the 1878 Annual Report when the noticed the statement, '"The Christian Mission under the Superintendent’s of the Rev. William Booth is a volunteer army. He crossed out the words "Volunteer Army'" and penned in "Salvation Army'" From those words came the basis of the foundation deed of The Salvation Army which was adopted in August of that same year.
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Many Oregonians have journeyed through life in service to others. In 1838, Father Francis Blanchet traveled for six months overland from Montreal, Canada, to French Prairie, where St. Paul, Oregon, is now located. At that time, there were only 26 Catholic families in the Willamette Valley. Shortly after he arrived, the Sisters of Notre Dame du Namours joined him and founded an orphanage. Together, they began a legacy of Catholic charity, serving Oregon's poor and vulnerable.
For the Sake of the Children
From the earliest years, the history of Catholic Charities has been one of concern and advocacy for children. Father Edwin O'Hara, a priest at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, teamed with other community leaders to investigate abuses of child labor. They researched these conditions and presented their findings to the State Legislature. The result was the enactment of Oregon child labor laws in 1913. This first legislation became a model for child welfare and labor laws throughout the United States.
Through the efforts of Father O'Hara, Archbishop Alexander Christie founded the Catholic Children's Bureau in 1917, which coordinated all Catholic children's cases and represented families and children in the Portland courts.
In 1932, Father Lucien Lauerman evaluated Catholic social welfare work in the Archdiocese of Portland and presented his report to a group assembled by Archbishop Edward Howard on September 12, 1933. The result was the establishment of the first Catholic Charities office, where Father Lauerman employed four staff members who represented Catholic social service institutions in all court cases and acted as case managers for children.