Can any leftist answer?

[Diogenes]

Yes.

 

[Daylight63]

Thanks.

 

[Litmus]

Yes.

don't give up. we don't need much of anything, somewhere there's a place where we belong.

help us fight the neocons inside the trump big tent.

 

[Diogenes]

don't give up.

 

[Litmus]

 

[Litmus]

yes. you're a criminal.

 

[Diogenes]

yes. you're a criminal.

Thanks. It's nice of you to say that.

 

[Litmus]

Thanks. It's nice of you to say that.

anytime, fallen one.

 

[Into the Night]

I meant galaxy. Sorry, my mistake.

Okay.

That was first proposed back about 1912 but it wasn't validated until the 1960's.

Actually, it was.

Fossils on both sides contained similar species, suggesting the continents were once joined together.
The land masses on either side of the Atlantic fit together like a couple of eroded jigsaw pieces. Even mountain ranges line up. In 1957, the first comprehensive map of the sea floor of the North Atlantic we produced, and also noted the mid-ocean ridge.

The part you refer to, noting that the mid-ocean ridge is volcanic, magnetic lines lining up on either side of the ridge like a moving conveyor belt (as Earth's poles changed polarity over the years), was found in the 60s, and indicated a tectonic plate edge with spreading action.

The word 'tectonic' first appeared in the English lexicon around 1650s, stemming from the Greek 'tectonikos', and referred to building and construction, or the workers of them. It's use as a geologic term began around 1887.

Yes, there are. And the "climate scientists" are still making predictions about it closing sometime in the next 20 years, then in 20 years the next 20 years...

Heh. Some Doom and Gloom types predict stuff as little as five or ten years away (which of course never happened!).

 

[Into the Night]

It was.



Interestingly, as usual, your understanding of the Montreal Protocol is incorrect:

Montreal Protocol emerges as a powerful climate treaty

United Nations report: Ozone layer recovery on track

www.noaa.gov

Ozone Hole Continues Healing in 2024

The area of depleted ozone over the Antarctic ranked the seventh smallest since recovery began in 1992.

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

It's probably not a good idea to argue against science you clearly don't even understand.

There is no 'healing'. The ozone hole will always be there. It is not caused by CFCs (which don't even react chemically with ozone!). Science is not a government agency. You are ignoring the Chapman cycle.

Ozone forms when you shove energy into oxygen. Any kind will do, including UV light from the Sun.

In the atmosphere, ozone forms from the action of UV-b light on oxygen. This is also why the stratosphere has a temperature inversion, since this reaction is endothermic. Some UV-b light does reach the surface of Earth (it's mostly UV-a light).

UV-c light is blocked by ozone as well as UV-b light. Thus, the UV-b light that reaches the surface is reduced as the day progresses. Sunburns caused by this light occur in the late morning or early afternoon. It takes a few hours for the skin to react to the damage, which is why you don't feel the sunburn until later in the day.

UV-c light does not reach the surface (thankfully!). This frequency is particularly destructive to skin and eye tissue. It DOES occur during electric arc welding and some photo machinery (arc light), which is why you should use protective equipment around such light.

UV-c light DOES reach into the upper atmosphere, however, where it destroys ozone, converting it back to oxygen. This is an exothermic reaction, which is why the upper stratosphere is warmer.

During the winter of a pole, there is no sunlight...so...no ozone. A 'hole' develops, that changes size depending on upper air winds at the time. The end result is...meh. It's over the pole during that pole's winter, and there is no UV light (no sunlight!).

As the Sun rises for that pole, moving toward summer, ozone begins to build up there and the 'hole' completely closes.

There are only two ways to destroy the Earth's ozone layer:
1) Take away the Sun. End of problem...everybody's dead.
2) Take away the oxygen. End of problem...everybody's dead.

As long as you have sunlight and oxygen, you WILL have ozone. You can't stop it.


So much for the Church of Global Warming. As was shown, both NOAA and NASA (both government agencies, subject to the politics and religions of the day) have fallen in with the Church of the Ozone Hole, just as they have fallen in with the Church of Global Warming.


Cars can also produce ozone, since they too add energy to oxygen. That in and of itself does not form smog. You must also have nitrous compounds (the NOx reading, or nitrous oxide), and unburned hydrocarbons (such as gasoline vapors) combine with the ozone to form smog. Modern engines use a simply bit of plumbing and a valve to all but eliminate the nitrous oxide generation, and charcoal cannisters and sealed fuel systems to eliminate gasoline vapors from getting into the air.

So today, smog is not a problem. Los Angeles DOES get marine fog, tinged with dust from the desert, and it can LOOK like smog, but it isn't. It's fog, caused by an onflow from the ocean and dust from around Los Angeles (which is a desert climate).

EVs do not reduce smog.

 

[Daylight63]

There is no 'healing'. The ozone hole will always be there. It is not caused by CFCs (which don't even react chemically with ozone!). Science is not a government agency. You are ignoring the Chapman cycle.

Ozone forms when you shove energy into oxygen. Any kind will do, including UV light from the Sun.

In the atmosphere, ozone forms from the action of UV-b light on oxygen. This is also why the stratosphere has a temperature inversion, since this reaction is endothermic. Some UV-b light does reach the surface of Earth (it's mostly UV-a light).

UV-c light is blocked by ozone as well as UV-b light. Thus, the UV-b light that reaches the surface is reduced as the day progresses. Sunburns caused by this light occur in the late morning or early afternoon. It takes a few hours for the skin to react to the damage, which is why you don't feel the sunburn until later in the day.

UV-c light does not reach the surface (thankfully!). This frequency is particularly destructive to skin and eye tissue. It DOES occur during electric arc welding and some photo machinery (arc light), which is why you should use protective equipment around such light.

UV-c light DOES reach into the upper atmosphere, however, where it destroys ozone, converting it back to oxygen. This is an exothermic reaction, which is why the upper stratosphere is warmer.

During the winter of a pole, there is no sunlight...so...no ozone. A 'hole' develops, that changes size depending on upper air winds at the time. The end result is...meh. It's over the pole during that pole's winter, and there is no UV light (no sunlight!).

As the Sun rises for that pole, moving toward summer, ozone begins to build up there and the 'hole' completely closes.

There are only two ways to destroy the Earth's ozone layer:
1) Take away the Sun. End of problem...everybody's dead.
2) Take away the oxygen. End of problem...everybody's dead.

As long as you have sunlight and oxygen, you WILL have ozone. You can't stop it.


So much for the Church of Global Warming. As was shown, both NOAA and NASA (both government agencies, subject to the politics and religions of the day) have fallen in with the Church of the Ozone Hole, just as they have fallen in with the Church of Global Warming.


Cars can also produce ozone, since they too add energy to oxygen. That in and of itself does not form smog. You must also have nitrous compounds (the NOx reading, or nitrous oxide), and unburned hydrocarbons (such as gasoline vapors) combine with the ozone to form smog. Modern engines use a simply bit of plumbing and a valve to all but eliminate the nitrous oxide generation, and charcoal cannisters and sealed fuel systems to eliminate gasoline vapors from getting into the air.

So today, smog is not a problem. Los Angeles DOES get marine fog, tinged with dust from the desert, and it can LOOK like smog, but it isn't. It's fog, caused by an onflow from the ocean and dust from around Los Angeles (which is a desert climate).

EVs do not reduce smog.

Wow. That's a lot of stuff you typed there. It makes me think of this;

 

[Nordberg]

Proof by assertion, sometimes informally referred to as proof by repeated assertion, is an informal fallacy in which a proposition is repeatedly restated regardless of contradiction and refutation.

No refutation and what little flawed right-wing crap you offer goes against 98 percent of scientists. You can repeat the same crap as much as you wish, but that does not destroy the evidence. You are typical of what happened to science. You accept what feeds your biases.
People of your bent are bringing back polio and other diseases we nearly eliminated. You are dragging us back the same route.

 

[Diogenes]

No refutation and what little flawed right-wing crap you offer goes against 98 percent of scientists. You can repeat the same crap as much as you wish, but that does not destroy the evidence. You are typical of what happened to science. You accept what feeds your biases. People of your bent are bringing back polio and other diseases we nearly eliminated. You are dragging us back the same route.

Is that a fact?

 

[Dutch Uncle]

➊ You claim that the Earth is overheating. You say it’s “too hot.” So, what is the correct global mean surface temperature (GMST) for life on Earth and why? Please provide a numerical answer. Use units and round it to the nearest tenth of a degree Celsius. Then, explain why that value is ideal and cite evidence to justify your answer.

➋ What is the correct atmospheric CO₂ level for life on Earth? What level optimizes our agricultural productivity? What CO₂ level will make weather less scary? Give your answer as an exact value in a mole fraction or volume percentage, and then explain why that value is ideal.

➌ What makes CO₂ “pollution”? The EPA considers CO₂ to be a pollutant, legally speaking, under the Clean Air Act, and their scientific justification is simply that, it “…𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑓𝑎𝑟𝑒.” https://epa.gov/climate-change/endangerment-and-cause-or-contribute-findings-greenhouse-gases-under-section-202a…That seems pretty ambiguous. Because by that measure, water vapor should also be classified as a “pollutant” because it’s also a “greenhouse gas” (GHG) — in fact, it’s the most abundant GHG and it absorbs a wider spectrum of IR wavelengths than CO₂. So, what makes CO₂ pollution?

➍ Why are temperature departures from 1850-1900 climate conditions deemed as the human welfare control knob given that the overall human condition has never been better than it is today? How is was climate during the end of the Little Ice Age — the coldest period in the last 10,000-years — preferable to today’s? On what account was the weather more benign? By what measure? Be specific. Tell me how the climate was supposedly less dangerous in the 17-19th centuries.

➎ The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) that President Biden signed into law in 2022 was popularized as the “biggest climate bill in history,” but ever since the bill was signed, climate alarmists insist climate change has only gotten worse. Why are we not seeing the bill work its magic? What’s not working? https://axios.com/2024/07/21/biden-legacy-election-2024…

➏ The estimated cost of net zero by the year 2050 in the U.S. is $75 trillion ($3 trillion per year), according to Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen. https://politico.com/news/2024/07/27/yellen-amazon-climate-change-00171522… That’s a hefty price tag. And with ~165 million U.S. taxpayers, it would cost each of us >$450,000 to get to “net zero” by the target date. Are you willing to shell out that money, or do you just expect that everyone else will foot the bill for you?

➐ If we spend $75 trillion to decarbonize the economy by 2050, by how much will it reduce the GMST by the end of the century? Please provide your answer to the nearest tenth of a degree Celsius and show your calculations. What does the perfect climate look like? How will we know when we get there? By what measure? If you don’t know the answer to question six, are we supposed to spend $75 trillion and just see what happens?

➑ If “combating climate change” is a global concerted effort, why do China and India get a free pass to continue emitting CO₂ without bound? Why are they never criticized?

➒ Why are you so vehemently opposed to the deployment of nuclear power? It is the safest, most sustainable “carbon-free” energy technology, and without the compliance regulations, it isn’t expensive when compared to solar PV and wind, which are inefficient, intermittent, costly add-ons to existing electricity generation sources.

➓ If humans are parasites on the Earth and we are destroying it, why not be the change you want to see and decarbonize yourself?

What would your sock The Harris Administration say?

 

[Into the Night]

No refutation and what little flawed right-wing crap you offer goes against 98 percent of scientists.

You don't get to speak for everyone, Sybil. Omniscience fallacy.
It is YOU that is ignoring theories of science and branches of mathematics. That IS the refutation.

You can repeat the same crap as much as you wish,

Science is not crap. Mathematics is not crap.

but that does not destroy the evidence.

What 'evidence', Sybil???

You are typical of what happened to science. You accept what feeds your biases.

Nothing happened to science, Sybil.

People of your bent are bringing back polio and other diseases we nearly eliminated. You are dragging us back the same route.

Polio never left, Sybil. Covid is not polio. Covid does not maim like polio does.

 

[Into the Night]

What would your sock The Harris Administration say?

DON'T TRY TO BLAME YOUR PROBLEM ON ANYBODY ELSE, SYBIL!

 

[Dutch Uncle]

DON'T TRY TO BLAME YOUR PROBLEM ON ANYBODY ELSE, DUTCH!

^^^
Silly Sycho

 

[Diogenes]

➊ You claim that the Earth is overheating. You say it’s “too hot.” So, what is the correct global mean surface temperature (GMST) for life on Earth and why? Please provide a numerical answer. Use units and round it to the nearest tenth of a degree Celsius. Then, explain why that value is ideal and cite evidence to justify your answer.

➋ What is the correct atmospheric CO₂ level for life on Earth? What level optimizes our agricultural productivity? What CO₂ level will make weather less scary? Give your answer as an exact value in a mole fraction or volume percentage, and then explain why that value is ideal.

➌ What makes CO₂ “pollution”? The EPA considers CO₂ to be a pollutant, legally speaking, under the Clean Air Act, and their scientific justification is simply that, it “…𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑓𝑎𝑟𝑒.” https://epa.gov/climate-change/endangerment-and-cause-or-contribute-findings-greenhouse-gases-under-section-202a…That seems pretty ambiguous. Because by that measure, water vapor should also be classified as a “pollutant” because it’s also a “greenhouse gas” (GHG) — in fact, it’s the most abundant GHG and it absorbs a wider spectrum of IR wavelengths than CO₂. So, what makes CO₂ pollution?

➍ Why are temperature departures from 1850-1900 climate conditions deemed as the human welfare control knob given that the overall human condition has never been better than it is today? How is was climate during the end of the Little Ice Age — the coldest period in the last 10,000-years — preferable to today’s? On what account was the weather more benign? By what measure? Be specific. Tell me how the climate was supposedly less dangerous in the 17-19th centuries.

➎ The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) that President Biden signed into law in 2022 was popularized as the “biggest climate bill in history,” but ever since the bill was signed, climate alarmists insist climate change has only gotten worse. Why are we not seeing the bill work its magic? What’s not working? https://axios.com/2024/07/21/biden-legacy-election-2024…

➏ The estimated cost of net zero by the year 2050 in the U.S. is $75 trillion ($3 trillion per year), according to Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen. https://politico.com/news/2024/07/27/yellen-amazon-climate-change-00171522… That’s a hefty price tag. And with ~165 million U.S. taxpayers, it would cost each of us >$450,000 to get to “net zero” by the target date. Are you willing to shell out that money, or do you just expect that everyone else will foot the bill for you?

➐ If we spend $75 trillion to decarbonize the economy by 2050, by how much will it reduce the GMST by the end of the century? Please provide your answer to the nearest tenth of a degree Celsius and show your calculations. What does the perfect climate look like? How will we know when we get there? By what measure? If you don’t know the answer to question six, are we supposed to spend $75 trillion and just see what happens?

➑ If “combating climate change” is a global concerted effort, why do China and India get a free pass to continue emitting CO₂ without bound? Why are they never criticized?

➒ Why are you so vehemently opposed to the deployment of nuclear power? It is the safest, most sustainable “carbon-free” energy technology, and without the compliance regulations, it isn’t expensive when compared to solar PV and wind, which are inefficient, intermittent, costly add-ons to existing electricity generation sources.

➓ If humans are parasites on the Earth and we are destroying it, why not be the change you want to see and decarbonize yourself?

 

[Dutch Uncle]

Stink bait is the best bait for catfishing.

https://twitter.com/x/status/1869189689816781069

 

[Dutch Uncle]

^^^
Still a MAGA Moron. Sad