I believe you severely underestimate Russia.
Russia was not able to take Odesa, and lost City of Dnipro, along with all the territory on the right side of the Dnieper River. That is just a fact.
I believe Russia can take all of Ukraine if it wanted to. Trump himself has alluded to this.
LMAO!!! Are you serious? You think trump has any idea about anything? Seriously, are you looking to trump as an authority?
Seriously, if Russia had been able to capture all of Ukraine, they would be better off right now. They would have saved hundreds of thousands of Russian lives, but more importantly had made it difficult to complain about them invading. They would have been able to claim that Ukrainians wanted them to "liberate" Ukraine, and that is why they were so quickly defeated.
Beyond that, Russia lost a lot of their special forces who were sent behind enemy lines until the regular military caught up... The worst thing happened, the regular military did not catch up.
I'm assuming you're referring to Kherson city?
You are correct. I sometimes confuse Dnipro with Kherson. I may be one of the few Jews who has no ancestors from Ukraine.
My understanding is that generally speaking, Russia has no current interest in much land across the Dnieper.
They have officially made all the "Four Donbas Provinces" part of Russia, which includes Kherson, one of the provinces capitals. That means they have lost the capital of one of their official provinces. Imagine the USA lost Sante Fe, New Mexico to Mexico. We would be extremely pissed.
No, if Ukraine were to give up land, it would be for a permanent peace treaty.
Given that Putin has already broken all their previous peace treaties, what good is a "permanent" peace treaty from Putin? Besides, Putin has put extreme preconditions on only a ceasefire, and has said that any peace treaty will require even more preconditions.
The longer this war goes on, the more likely it is that Russia will take Odessa.
That is true, but the longer this war goes on, the more likely Ukraine is to take the Crimea. And the shorter the war goes, the more likely Russia is to take Odesa in the next war. See how that works.
The Ukrainians gain nothing through surrender. Seriously, the only way that a lasting peace is possible is if the Ukrainians have a good defense. Surrendering that would mean they will be removed almost immediately.