The Religious Defense
of American Slavery Before 1830
Larry R. Morrison
Historians, because of their own moral sensibilities, have consistently undervalued
the slaveholding ethic. However, as Donald G. Mathews has recently
shown, this viewpoint was just as natural and consistent as was evangelical
abolitionism.1
The foundation upon which the slaveholding ethic and the
proslavery argument was built was the scriptural defense of slavery.
Nearly every proslavery pamphlet, or article, or speaker made at least some
reference to a biblical sanction of slavery. The reason for such a position should
be clear. From the very beginning much of the attack upon slaveholding had
always been upon moral grounds.
Opponents of slavery claimed that it was a sin
to hold slaves; the principle of right and wrong involved with slavery became
fundamental to the argument. The South's use of the Bible to defend slavery and
the master-slave relationship was thus an attempt to erect a moral defense of
slavery. The emphasis from proslavery defenders was always upon a literal
reading of the Bible which represented the mind and will of God himself.
Slaveholding was not only justified but also moral because it was recognized as
such in Holy Scripture. Slavery's defenders relied on this literal reading as a
response to the emphasis upon the "principles of Christianity" used by those
opposed to slavery. Proslavery advocates continually contrasted the Tightness of
their position, based on such a literal biblical reading, to the open-ended
interpretive religion implied by those opposed to slavery.
In 1820, for example,
in the midst of the debates over Missouri statehood, the Richmond Enquirer went
to elaborate lengths in a long editorial to emphasize the literal truth of the Bible
and its sanction of slavery. After a long section giving various scriptural
sanctions, the article concluded by giving "a plain concise statement of certain
propositions that we presume few faithful believers will controvert." There were
continued
http://www.kingscollege.net/gbrodie/The religious justification of slavery before 1830.pdf