Nope. The 1st LoT has to do with conservation of energy. Heat is not energy and doesn't come into play. It's a good thing that science proficiency is not required to be an electrician.
A certain amount of science proficiency IS required to become an electrician in most States.
While most of the questions on State tests are about regulations and the electrical code, there ARE some questions about thermodynamics (I guess he flunked them).
Since no wire is a perfect conductor, running a current through them meets resistance to the flow. According to Ohm's law, P = I^2 R. This means current across that resistance results in watts being converted into thermal energy. The wire gets hotter.
If the wire is long enough, or if there are too many wires in an enclosed space (such as a conduit or circuit box), wires can get hot enough to damage their insulation over time and you get shorts, either to another wire or to the conduit itself (if a metal conduit).
This can cause a fire, perhaps within the enclosed space where it's difficult to get at. It can also cause a dangerous exposure to voltage, particularly if you are standing in a wet area. This is why GFCI is being required more and more. This circuit works by detecting differences of current flowing on a 'hot' wire and a 'neutral' wire. Any difference indicates current that is flowing where it shouldn't be (such as through YOU!), and GFCI shuts off the current.
Thermodynamics DOES come into electrical work. You MUST allow for proper dissipation of thermal energy. I you don't, things can get dangerous.
Transformers are windings of wire around an iron core (at these frequencies). This iron core is also a conductor, and a current flows in the core as well. This is called an 'eddy current', and it is purely wasted energy, heating the entire transformer. The more current the transformer handles, the greater the heating in the core. That typical Can that you see on a utility pole is an oil cooled transformer. It's oil cooled for a reason.
Bigger transformers found a distribution yards (where high tension wires feed transformers that in turn feed distribution lines street by street, are also oil cooled, and have that oil running through radiator fins with fans on them.
Overheating one of those suckers can get to be a spectacular display in the distribution yard! Fortunately, they have thermal shutoffs in them as well, cutting power when they get too hot.
Yes, thermodynamics is a pretty big part of electrical work. Understanding it properly is important to safe design and installation.
That said, the IBC, IRC, and NFPA76 (the electrical code) all specify what kind of wire is used where and how thick it must be, both for copper and aluminum wire, for runs typical of a house or building. These simple charts cover many situations pretty well, but they don't cover all of them. They do save you from doing the math for common installations. Fortunately, in the appendix, there is listed the resistance of certain sizes of wire in copper and again in aluminum. No other material is described. So, you CAN fake it, as long as you don't get into too weird a situation during the installation. You might say it's designed to keep dumb electricians (there are certainly very smart ones!) from getting into too much trouble.