QP!
Verified User
It's anachronistic to apply 21st century values to Medieval people. At a minimum, that is poor historical analysis.
The papacy is an institution.
There have been nearly 300 popes.
Some were decent and pious men, trying to do their best.
Some were downright corrupt.
The historic Pope was both the Bishop of Rome and a secular ruler.
Strict pacifism is not a tenet of Christianity. But Saint Augustine laid out a philosophy of just war that is supposed to inform Christian sensibilities. From a 12th century perspective, protecting Christian Constantinople from Turkish incursion, and recovering Jerusalem from the Muslims was not an outrageous and criminal position to take. The sacking of Jerusalem and the slaughter of innocents by the crusader armies were obviously, however , war crimes.
Disagree somewhat.
of course i am not speaking for 100% of people or religions but the major ones biggest function is to create an alternative tax system (tithing and voluntary donations) to create a power structure. The papacy specifically fits that. That some Popes are good pious men does not change the origins. The early Vatican was absolutely a check on the varied Roman gov't powers often working hand in hand. And again, they had an army.
This is a good book that highlights how deep the history of militarization was in the Vatican.
The Pope's Soldiers: A Military History of the Modern Vatican